Vem gifte sig med Cleopatra VII?

Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Koine Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Θεά Φιλοπάτωρ, lit. 'Cleopatra father-loving goddess'; 70/69 BC – 10 or 12 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. Her first language was Koine Greek, and she is the only Ptolemaic ruler known to have learned the Egyptian language, among several others. After her death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the Hellenistic period in the Mediterranean, which had begun during the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC).

Born in Alexandria, Cleopatra was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, who named her his heir before his death in 51 BC. Cleopatra began her reign alongside her brother Ptolemy XIII, but a falling-out between them led to a civil war. Roman statesman Pompey fled to Egypt after losing the 48 BC Battle of Pharsalus against his rival Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator, in Caesar's civil war. Pompey had been a political ally of Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy XIII had him ambushed and killed before Caesar arrived and occupied Alexandria. Caesar then attempted to reconcile the rival Ptolemaic siblings, but Ptolemy XIII's forces besieged Cleopatra and Caesar at the palace. Shortly after the siege was lifted by reinforcements, Ptolemy XIII died in the Battle of the Nile. Caesar declared Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIV joint rulers, and maintained a private affair with Cleopatra which produced a son, Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a client queen in 46 and 44 BC, where she stayed at Caesar's villa. After Caesar's assassination, followed shortly afterwards by the sudden death of Ptolemy XIV (possibly murdered on Cleopatra's order), she named Caesarion co-ruler as Ptolemy XV.

In the Liberators' civil war of 43–42 BC, Cleopatra sided with the Roman Second Triumvirate formed by Caesar's heir Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. After their meeting at Tarsos in 41 BC, the queen had an affair with Antony, which produced three children. Antony became increasingly reliant on Cleopatra for both funding and military aid during his invasions of the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of Armenia. The Donations of Alexandria declared their children rulers over various territories under Antony's authority. Octavian portrayed this event as an act of treason, forced Antony's allies in the Roman Senate to flee Rome in 32 BC, and declared war on Cleopatra. After defeating Antony and Cleopatra's naval fleet at the 31 BC Battle of Actium, Octavian's forces invaded Egypt in 30 BC and defeated Antony, who committed suicide. After his death, Cleopatra reportedly killed herself, probably by poisoning, to avoid being publicly displayed by Octavian in a Roman triumphal procession.

Cleopatra's legacy survives in ancient and modern works of art. Roman historiography and Latin poetry produced a generally critical view of the queen that pervaded later Medieval and Renaissance literature. In the visual arts, her ancient depictions include Roman busts, paintings, sculptures, cameo carvings and glass, Ptolemaic and Roman coinage, and reliefs. In Renaissance and Baroque art, she was the subject of many works including operas, paintings, poetry, sculptures, and theatrical dramas. She has become a pop culture icon of Egyptomania since the Victorian era, and in modern times has appeared in the applied and fine arts, burlesque satire, Hollywood films, and brand images for commercial products.

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos; c. 62 BC – 13 January 47 BC) was Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC). He was the son of Ptolemy XII and the brother of and co-ruler with Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra's exit from Egypt caused a civil war to break out between the pharaohs. Ptolemy later ruled jointly with his other sister, Arsinoe IV.

Ptolemaios XIV född 60 f.Kr. eller 59 f.Kr.– död 44 f.Kr., varen Egyptens kung 47–44 f.Kr. som samregent med sin syster Kleopatra VII.

Han var son till Ptolemaios XII.

Sedan hans bror Ptolemaios XIII år 47 f.Kr. stupat i stridigheter med deras syster Kleopatra, som segrade med Caesars stöd, blev Ptolemaios XIV upphöjd till monark (och förmodligen make) och medregent vid Kleopatras sida av respekt för egyptisk tradition. Han var då bara tolv år gammal och hans ställning var rent ceremoniell. Han förekom inte ens vid Kleopatras sida på de mynt som präglades under denna tid.

Ptolemaios XIV följde med Kleopatra till Rom för att närvara vid Caesars triumftåg år 46 f.Kr. Han var fortfarande vid liv vid Caesars död år 44 f.Kr., men avled strax därpå vid femton års ålder. Det har förmodats att han blev förgiftad av sin syster Kleopatra av politiska skäl, då hon önskade få sin son med Caesar utnämnd till både sin och Caesars efterträdare.

Ptolemaios XIV blev också efterträdd av sin systerson Caesarion (Ptolemaios XV), Kleopatras son med Julius Caesar.

Marcus Antonius, född 83 f.Kr. i Rom, död 1 augusti 30 f.Kr. i Alexandria, var en romersk politiker och fältherre. Han stod Julius Caesar mycket nära som general och administratör och bildade efter dennes död år 44 f.Kr. en militärdiktatur tillsammans med Caesars adoptivson Octavianus och Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, i dag känt som det andra triumviratet.

Triumviratet splittrades 33 f.Kr. Ökande motsättningar mellan Antonius och Octavianus ledde till ett blodigt inbördeskrig. Antonius, som stöddes av Egypten, besegrades i slaget vid Actium och övergavs därefter av sina allierade. Han begick självmord följande år i Alexandria, och hans älskarinna, drottning Kleopatra, följde honom kort därefter.